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Starting in the 1950s, a lasting political and military standoff between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has ensued, with the ROC in Taiwan and the PRC in mainland China both officially claiming to be the legitimate government of all China. The Communists gained control of mainland China and established the People's Republic of China in 1949, forcing the leadership of the Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan. The civil war resumed as soon as it became apparent that the Japanese defeat was imminent, and the CCP gained the upper hand in the second phase of the war from 1945 to 1949, generally referred to as the Chinese Communist Revolution. Exacerbating the divisions within China further was that a puppet government, sponsored by Japan and nominally led by Wang Jingwei, was set up to nominally govern the parts of China under Japanese occupation. From 1937 to 1945, hostilities were mostly put on hold as the Second United Front fought the Japanese invasion of China with eventual help from the Allies of World War II, but even then co-operation between the KMT and CCP was minimal and armed clashes between them were common. The war is generally divided into two phases with an interlude: from August 1927 to 1937, the KMT-CCP Alliance collapsed during the Northern Expedition, and the Nationalists controlled most of China. The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, lasting intermittently after 1927. Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.Government of the Republic of China evacuated to the island of Taiwan.People's Republic of China established in Mainland China.
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Chinese Communist Party control of Mainland China, including Hainan."Counterrevolutionaries" purged in Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries.Unretreated KMT forces left in Mainland China destroyed in the campaigns.The Kuomintang Islamic insurgency against the People's Republic of China's rule continued in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Yunnan until 1958.Major combat ended, but no armistice or peace treaty signed.Mainland China (including Hainan) and its coast, China–Burma borderĬommunist victory on mainland China and in diplomatic field, Taiwan Strait stalemate